lthough the composition varies from one woman to another, from one day to another, even within the same day and same outlet as well as gestational age of the child, can be summarized the salient features of the composition as follows.
1. Content of breast milk
Low-protein (0.9 to 1.1 g/100 ml), adapted to their growth rate. The ratio of casein / serum proteins is of 10/90 at the beginning of lactation, going to 40/60 in mature milk.
contains a significant amount of non-protein nitrogen and the presence of certain amino acids essential for newborn (as phenylalanine and tyrosine).
- is also high in lactose, galactose source necessary for brain maturation, which maintains a low pH in the intestine, and that encourages the development of intestinal flora peculiar undoubted defensive benefits.
- monounsaturated fatty acid contains long-chain, higher heat output, easily absorbed, and no atherogenic effect.
abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids essential to human beings, and indispensable for the formation of large structures (brain, retina, or cell membranes among others) or for the synthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes and other biological substances.
- Low in minerals, and a ratio of calcium to phosphorus that promotes the absorption of calcium and facilitates bone mineralization.
- Contains sufficient vitamins and presence of enzymes and hormones.
2. What makes it unique?
- Allows achieve optimal nutritional status, prevent metabolic and digestive disorders, because the composition of the diet did not represent at any time an overload of the functional capacity of the digestive tract.
- Breast milk also supplies anti-infective and allergy protection. The anti-infective effect is because the baby receives nutrients not only for milk. Furthermore, in its composition there are a number of substances which, by different mechanisms, will provide a local defense against infectious agents (passive immunity provided by the mother), while mature mechanisms enabling it to have its own active immunity.
These substances can include lactoferrin, the protein binding of vitamin B12, folic acid binding protein, various enzymes (lactoperoxidase, lysozyme, etc.), gangliosides, oligosaccharides, antistaphylococcal factor, growth factors, etc.) nucleotides, cells with defensive properties, immunoglobulins.
this chapter may constitute greater weight to lift the breast milk of the category of "imitable" to the "unbeatable."
3. Your composition is constant or can change?
- As the requirements infant are not always the same, and vary mainly depending on the maturity at birth and postnatal age, breast milk changes its characteristics according to the child's demands, their ability to digest and metabolize the various nutrients and more or less need to take to receive passive protection, circumstances under permanent evolution.
- Breast milk is tailored to their nutritional requirements. Both the volume of milk, and quality of nutrients and other factors defensive mission, will be found in breast milk in perfect harmony with the needs required at all times.
- The volume of milk produced by mothers increases progressively from a few cubic centimeters segregated on the first day (consistent with the limited capacity of the newborn stomach at the end, that fails to exceed 30 or 35 ml., being significantly lower in the premature). This growth
reach 700 or 900 ml / day on average, women often results in a fully established lactation stage. There is already talk of outstanding productions when exceeding 1,100 ml. of milk daily.
- Breast milk adapts to the appetite. The composition of breast milk varies throughout the day and even during the course of a single shot.
- Adapts to maturity: Its quantity and its composition varies with the degree of maturity of the child.
- also adapts to the digestive and metabolic capabilities.
4. Advantages and disadvantages
- Benefits for children: For the child are almost all profit. Breastfeeding provides better digestive and metabolic status, better nutritional status, greater immune protection, reduced risk of allergic sensitization, better psychological development, fewer illnesses and infant mortality and prevention of subsequent disorders.
- for children Disadvantages: They are minimal and in exceptional cases. As we know a small percentage of infants Breastfed babies have jaundice. It is also true that the level of a protein necessary for blood to clot well (prothrombin) is lower during the first days in the breastfed baby to breast in the breast-fed artificially.
is thought that breastfeeding is a factor which, in rare cases, could promote hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, but if the first intake of food is done early in the first hours after birth, as is right, this factor has little importance.
Vitamin D may be insufficient, so it will not be forgotten supplements to infants (formula bottles have already adapted the incorporated).
Finally, there may be diseases in the newborn if lactation is insufficient or if it contains too much sodium, or contaminant.
could not breastfeed if you have congenital diseases of metabolism (phenylketonuria, tyrosinemia, galactosemia) and also the condition by the mother of some infections (HIV, active tunerculosis cavity, etc.).
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